Main components of slurry pump

The main components are impeller, pump casing, shaft seal device and transmission part.

​1. slurry pump impeller

The function of the impeller is to directly transfer the mechanical energy of the prime mover to the liquid to increase the static pressure energy and kinetic energy of the liquid (mainly increase the static pressure energy).

The impeller generally has 6 to 12 backward curved blades.

There are three types of impellers: open, semi-closed and closed.

The open impeller has no cover plates on both sides of the blades, which is simple to manufacture and easy to clean. It is suitable for conveying materials with a large amount of suspended matter, with low efficiency and low pressure of the conveyed liquid; the semi-closed impeller has no cover plate on one side of the suction port, but has a cover plate on the other side, which is suitable for conveying materials that are easy to precipitate or contain particles, and the efficiency is also low; the closed impeller has front and rear cover plates on both sides of the impeller blades, which is efficient and suitable for conveying clean liquids without impurities. Most general centrifugal pump impellers are of this type.

The impeller has two suction methods: single suction and double suction.

2. slurry pump casing, also known as the jacket

Its function is to enclose the impeller in a certain space so that the impeller can suck in and squeeze out the liquid. The pump casing is mostly made into a volute shape, so it is also called a volute. As the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel gradually expands, the high-speed liquid thrown out from the impeller gradually reduces the flow rate, so that part of the kinetic energy is effectively converted into static pressure energy. The pump casing not only collects the liquid thrown out by the impeller, but also serves as an energy conversion device.

3. slurry pump shaft seal device

Its function is to prevent the liquid in the pump casing from leaking along the shaft or the outside air from leaking into the pump casing.

There are three types of shaft seals, auxiliary impeller shaft seals and packing shaft seals. 

(1) Auxiliary impeller shaft seal: When the pump inlet positive pressure value is not greater than 10% of the pump outlet pressure value, the auxiliary impeller shaft seal can be used for single-stage pumps or the first stage pumps of multi-stage series. The auxiliary impeller shaft seal has the advantages of not requiring shaft seal water, not diluting the slurry, and having a good shaft seal effect. 

(2) Packing seal: The packing seal has a simple structure and is easy to maintain, but it must use seal water. For working conditions that are not suitable for auxiliary impeller seals, packing seals can be used. 

(3) Mechanical seals mainly rely on the relative movement between the end faces of the moving ring mounted on the shaft and the stationary ring fixed on the pump casing to achieve the purpose of sealing.

4. Transmission part of slurry pump

All kinds of horizontal slurry pumps use the same series of transmission parts, including brackets and bearing assemblies. The pump shaft has a large diameter, good rigidity, short cantilever, and will not bend or vibrate under harsh working conditions. The bearings use heavy-duty single-row or double-row tapered roller bearings and cylindrical roller bearings according to the power transmitted. They can withstand the maximum axial and radial loads of the pump. The bearings are lubricated with grease. There are sealing end covers, labyrinth sleeves and labyrinth rings at both ends of the bearing body, which can effectively prevent slurry and other dirt from entering the bearings, ensuring that the bearings can operate safely and have a long service life.

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